Dynamics of Chineseness on TikTok: Chinese Indonesian Identity through Surabayan TikTokers

Abstract

The exploration of Chinese Indonesian identity holds crucial importance given the complexities of cultural, ethnic, and political intersections that have historically characterized this demographic group. The ethnic Chinese in Indonesia have navigated a multifaceted identity landscape marked by assimilation, discrimination, and resistance. Amidst globalization and the rise of digital media, these identity constructs are undergoing continuous transformation, necessitating in-depth examination. This study specifically investigates the representation of Chineseness in the digital space, as exemplified in the TikTok content of two influential Surabayan personalities, Steven Wongso (@stevenwongso_) and Stanley Hao (@stanleyhao). "Chineseness" refers to a construct encompassing various cultural, linguistic, and social aspects that are identified with being Chinese, often nuanced by local contexts and individual interpretations. Through an analysis of Chineseness-related posts and associated comments, a unique rendition of Chinese Indonesian identity is discerned. This version harmoniously intertwines with Javanese culture and does not necessarily entail proficiency in the Chinese language. In contrast to the 'pure' or 'essential' Chineseness often portrayed, this variant unveils the intricacy and potential discord within Chinese Indonesian identity. The representation, while resonating with certain audience segments who identify with the showcased experiences, also runs the risk of inadvertently fortifying stereotypical imagery associated with Chinese Indonesians. In tracing the digital articulations of Chinese Indonesian identity, this study provides an enlightening perspective on the socio-cultural dynamics at play in identity formation and the influential role of digital media in shaping these narratives. The analysis underscores the need to recognize the pluralistic and evolving nature of Chineseness within the Indonesian context.